Foot Care for Patients with Diabetes

* Test the temperature of bathwater with the back of the hand or wrist before stepping into a tub or shower.

* Trim nails after washing feat has directed by the physician, or diabetes specialist. Unless otherwise directed, nails should be cut straight across. Jagged edges should be carefully filed with an emery board. Nail care should be performed often enough to prevent the nails from damaging skin or pressing into footwear. Those with thick, brittle nails or who are unable to trim their own nails should have nail care performed by a health care provider specially trained in foot care.

* Wear shoes that fit properly without causing pressure or rubbing. Always feel inside shoes before putting them on. Remove any loose objects that could damage scan. Stockings or socks should be cleaned and fit smoothly without bulky seams.

* Inspect feet for any reddened areas, ulcers, fissures or blisters on the skin or between the toes. For self inspection, a mirror may be used to see the bottoms of the feet. A family member can be instructed to inspect the feet, if the patient is vision or mobility impaired. Blood or drainage on socks or hosiery is a sign of skin damage. Any foot problem or injury should be reported to the physician immediately; even minor skin problems can lead to serious complications.

* Feet should be examined by the primary health care provider or foot specialist at every appointment, or at least annually.

Perform daily foot care:

     * Using a soft cloth, wash feet with antiseptic skin cleanser, which is a no-rinse cleanser or mild soap and water. Soap should be rinsed off with warm water. Dry skin carefully including the spaces between the toes.

     * Moisturize feet with foot and Molly and cream after washing or bathing. Gently rub the cream into the skin on the tops and bottoms of the feet avoiding the spaces between the toes. Remove excess cream with a soft cloth.

General medical management essential for healthy feet:

* Maintain blood glucose within the desired range.
* Assist the patient with smoking cessation.
* Implement a dietary and exercise plan to maintain weight, glucose levels and cardiovascular health.
* Teaching avoidance of activities of that interfere with blood flow to the lower extremities, that is wearing constructive clothing, crossing legs.